| CollectionFirst mile |
Pickup terms, consolidation points, minimum drops. |
Flat fees that survive long after the volume outgrew them. |
| Line haulTrunk |
Per-kilo rates by lane, pallet type, fill rate, fuel basis. |
A pallet type pinned years ago, quietly excluding the cheaper lane. |
| CustomsClearance |
Clearance model, VAT scheme, bonded storage, declaration source. |
Duty paid twice, or a scheme that no longer matches the flow. |
| Last mileDelivery |
Home, parcel shop and locker split, coverage gaps, returns. |
One carrier priced for a country it only half covers. |
| SurchargesThe tail |
Fuel, remote area, oversize, address correction, redelivery. |
Percentages applied to the wrong base, every single invoice. |